Command terms with definitions in ESS IB

10 Oct Command terms with definitions in ESS IB

Updated for IB ESS SL and HL: first assessment 2026.

Command terms tell you what to do with your knowledge. Read the instruction, context and mark allocation before writing. The examples below are practice prompts, not actual IB examination questions.

Short responses: be precise

Define Give the precise meaning of a word, phrase, concept or physical quality.
Draw Create a clear, labelled diagram or graph. Use suitable axes, units and labels where relevant.
Label Add labels to a diagram.
List Give a sequence of brief answers.
Measure Obtain a value for a quantity.
State Give a specific name, value or other brief answer without explanation or calculation.

Explain, evaluate and discuss

• Explain: connect the point to its reasons or causes.
• Evaluate: weigh strengths against limitations.
• Discuss: consider different arguments and support your conclusion with evidence.
• To what extent: judge how far the claim is supported.

Practise changing the task

Use urban tree planting as a practice topic. For an explanation, connect shade to surface heating. For evaluation, consider the benefits and limitations of a specific planting programme. For discussion, consider the choices faced by residents, planners and those paying for maintenance, then reach a supported conclusion.

Writing more does not repair an answer to the wrong task. After practising, highlight the sentences that actually fulfil the command term and remove unrelated material.

Use the correct level and syllabus

SL and HL students both need to interpret command terms accurately. Choose practice questions appropriate to your level and current course. Older papers can support topic practice, but their assessment structure may differ. Refer to the current IB ESS guide and command-term glossary and your teacher’s guidance.

Practise ESS command terms with a tutor

Explore online IB ESS tutoring for SL and HL with Marija Maletz for individual exam practice and topic support. Request a free 20-minute trial lesson to discuss your needs.