Explore explanations, case studies and exam-practice ideas for Environmental Systems and Societies. Use the articles below to build understanding, then bring the topics you find difficult to an individual lesson.
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Environmental Systems and Societies (ESS) is an exciting and highly relevant cross-disciplinary subject that draws together elements of Biology, Geography and Environmental Science.The course provides a coherent perspective on the interrelationships between environmental systems and the societies within them, encouraging students to develop an informed...
The only way to maintain environmental sustainability is to change humans' habits and relationships towards nature. Some of the positive environmental sustainability steps in this process are: “Reduce, Reuse, Recycle” - Every product we purchase has an environmental footprint, from the materials used to create it...
The Environment has suffered for thousands of years due to Human Activities. Since as Homo sapiens we first walked the earth, there have been several modifications on the planet and around us through the development of infrastructure, travel, and the incorporation of urbanization and other...
Everyday choices offer useful examples for IB ESS because they connect environmental processes with decisions made by people. To evaluate a choice, explain how it could reduce an impact, identify a limitation and consider who can realistically make it. Here are three examples students can...
Unfortunately, humans have not been very good stewards of the Earth over the years. To protect the environmental system and preserve the planet for our children and future generations, we all need to take proactive steps toward cleaner living habits. How can we improve our...
A system is made of storages and flows. All living things use energy to do everything. Ecologists trace the flow of energy through ecosystems to identify nutritional relationships. The ultimate source of energy for nearly all living things is the sun.Ecologists who trace energy and...
In ESS course the system approach is very important. Included in an environmental system, we find a an assemblage of parts, working together, forming a functional whole. Many types of environmental systems exist. From cells, to people, to cars to the whole planet. Systems occur...
The highest paying environmental jobs are energy managers, landscape architects and environmental layers.Environmental lawyers help clients with environmental concerns, such as:Air and water pollution. Waste management. Waste recycling.These lawyers are the people you call when looking to get a permit for your new construction...
Reviewed 4 October 2026 · Current ESS SL and HL course, first assessment 2026.Types of environmental studies can be organised around natural systems, human societies and the methods used to investigate their interactions. There is no single universal list: schools and universities use different programme...
Reviewed 4 October 2026 · Current ESS SL and HL course, first assessment 2026.The five major fields of environmental science discussed here are atmospheric science, ecology, environmental chemistry, geosciences and social sciences. This is a useful introductory grouping, rather than a universal classification: environmental problems...