Explore explanations, case studies and exam-practice ideas for Environmental Systems and Societies. Use the articles below to build understanding, then bring the topics you find difficult to an individual lesson.
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Sustainability is the key to a better future. Humans rely on natural resources for business, activities, and survival. Ignoring it can lead to the exhaustion of natural resources.Sustainability is important to study even if you aren’t an environmental science major. Business majors need to learn...
Global climate change is not a future problem. How does climate change affect us?Changes to Earth’s climate driven by increased human emissions of heat-trapping greenhouse gases are already having widespread effects on the environment:glaciers and ice sheets are shrinking, river and lake ice is...
The term sustainability is broadly used to indicate programs, initiatives and actions aimed at the preservation of a particular resource. However, it actually refers to four distinct areas: human, social, economic and environmental – known as the four pillars of sustainability. What are the 4...
Sustainability is an idea that can be applied to activities and communities as well as to physical resources. Environmental sustainability is strongly linked to social sustainability - that is, creating sustainable communities - and sustainable economics. Sustainable Development provides an all-embracing term.The Brundtland Report, “Our...
The main ways to stop climate change are to pressure government and business to:Keep fossil fuels in the ground. Fossil fuels include coal, oil and gas – and the more that are extracted and burned, the worse climate change will get. All countries need...
Climate change caused by the global increase in temperatures triggers multiple negative effects on the planet. These effects interrelate with each other and increase their violence, putting at risk the species that inhabit the Earth, including the humans. How does climate change affect sustainability?There are...
There are several ways we can reduce the effects of pollutants on the environment. What are some of the most damaging things to the environment? Global Warming Car pollution is one of the major causes of global warming. Cars and trucks emit carbon dioxide and other greenhouse...
Reviewed 4 October 2026 · Current ESS SL and HL course, first assessment 2026.Five ways humans interact with the environment are using resources, producing food, building settlements and infrastructure, releasing pollutants, and conserving or restoring ecosystems. These examples overlap: one activity can affect several environmental...
Environment refers to the surroundings of a physical system that may interact with different systems by exchanging energy and mass. The natural environment consists of all living beings and non-living beings. What is pollution?Every harmful chemical present in our natural environment can be referred to...
The environment plays a crucial role in the sustainability of life as we know it here on Earth. All living things depend on the planet's resources to survive and, if humans continue to pollute and over-use these resources, they may be completely destroyed or depleted...